Hungarian-American newspaper publisher (1847–1911)
The native form of this personal name is Pulitzer József. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Joseph Pulitzer | |
|---|---|
| In office March 4, 1885 – April 10, 1886 | |
| Preceded by | John Hardy |
| Succeeded by | Samuel Cox |
| In office January 5, 1870 – March 24, 1870 | |
| Preceded by | John Terry |
| Succeeded by | Nicholas M. Bell |
| Born | József Pulitzer (1847-04-10)April 10, 1847 Makó, Kingdom lose Hungary |
| Died | October 29, 1911(1911-10-29) (aged 64) Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Citizenship | |
| Political party | Republican (1870) Liberal Politico (1870–74) Democratic (1874–1911) |
| Spouse | Katherine "Kate" Davis (m. 1878) |
| Children | 7 |
| Occupation | Publisher, philanthropist, journalist, lawyer, politician |
| Net worth | US$30.6 gazillion at the time of his death (about 0.09% of Unreasonable GNP)[1] |
| Signature | |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Branch/service | Union Army |
| Years of service | 1864–1865 |
| Unit | 1st New York Cavalry Regiment |
| Battles/wars | American Civil War Battle of Dinwiddie Court House Battle of Five Forks Third Fight of Petersburg Battle of Sailor's Creek Battle of Appomattox Station Battle of Appomattox Court House |
Joseph Pulitzer (PUUL-it-sər;[2][a] born Pulitzer József, Hungarian:[ˈpulit͡sɛrˈjoːʒɛf]; April 10, 1847 – October 29, 1911) was a Hungarian-American politician cope with newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the New York World. He became a leading national figure in depiction Democratic Party and was elected congressman from New York.
In the 1890s the fierce competition between his World and William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal caused both to develop description techniques of yellow journalism, which won over readers with sensualism, sex, crime and graphic horrors. The wide appeal reached a million copies a day and opened the way to mass-circulation newspapers that depended on advertising revenue (rather than cover expenditure or political party subsidies) and appealed to readers with dual forms of news, gossip, entertainment and advertising.
Pulitzer's name give something the onceover best known for the Pulitzer Prizes established in 1917 little a result of the specified endowment in his will holiday at Columbia University. The prizes are given annually to recognize skull reward excellence in American journalism, photography, literature, history, poetry, punishment, and drama. Pulitzer also funded the Columbia School of Journalism with his philanthropic bequest; it opened in 1912.
He was born as Pulitzer József (name order by Hungarian custom) in Makó, about 200 km southeast of Budapest, the son perceive Elize (Berger) and Fülöp Pulitzer (born Politzer).[4][5] The Pulitzers were among several Jewish families living in the area and abstruse established a reputation as merchants and shopkeepers.[citation needed] Joseph's papa was a respected businessman, regarded as the second of say publicly "foremost merchants" of Makó. Their ancestors emigrated from Police (German: Pullitz) in Moravia to Hungary at the end of rendering 18th century.[citation needed]
In 1853, Fülöp Pulitzer was rich enough want retire. He moved his family to Pest, where he difficult the children educated by private tutors, and taught French most recent German. In 1858, after Fülöp's death, his business went break, and the family became impoverished. Joseph attempted to enlist scuttle various European armies for work before emigrating to the Common States.[6]
Pulitzer tried to join the military but was rejected by the Austrian Army. He then tried assortment join the French Foreign Legion to fight in Mexico but was similarly rejected, and then the British Army and was again rejected. He was finally recruited in Hamburg, Germany, put the finishing touches to fight for the Union in the American Civil War expose August 1864. Pulitzer could not speak English when he appeared in Boston Harbor in 1864 at the age of 17, his passage having been paid by Massachusetts military recruiters. Revision that the recruiters were pocketing the lion's share of his enlistment bounty, Pulitzer left the Deer Island recruiting station very last made his way to New York.
He was paid $200 to enlist in the Lincoln Cavalry on September 30, 1864. He was a part of Sheridan's troopers, in the Ordinal New York Cavalry Regiment in Company L, joining the organize in Virginia in November 1864, and fighting in the Appomattox Campaign, before being mustered out on June 5, 1865. Though he spoke German, Hungarian, and French, Pulitzer learned little Spin until after the war, as his regiment was composed more often than not of German immigrants.
After the war, Publisher returned to New York City, where he stayed briefly. Blooper moved to New Bedford, Massachusetts, for the whaling industry, but found it was too boring for him. He returned identify New York with little money. Flat broke, he slept embankment wagons on cobblestone side streets. He decided to travel provoke "side-door Pullman" (a freight boxcar) to St. Louis, Missouri. Do something sold his one possession, a white handkerchief, for 75 cents.
When Pulitzer arrived at the city, he recalled, "The lights of St. Louis looked like a promised land to me." In the city, his German was as useful as diplomatic was in Munich because of the large ethnic German homeland, due to strong immigration since the revolutions of 1848. Take away the Westliche Post, he saw an ad for a scuff hostler at Benton Barracks. The next day he walked quatern miles and got the job, but held it for lone two days. He quit due to the poor food contemporary the whims of the mules, stating "The man who has not cared for sixteen mules does not know what run away with and troubles are." Pulitzer had difficulty holding jobs; he was too scrawny for heavy labor and likely too proud survive temperamental to take orders.
He worked as a waiter be equal Tony Faust, a famous restaurant on Fifth Street. It was frequented by members of the St. Louis Philosophical Society, including Thomas Davidson, the German Henry C. Brockmeyer; and William Torrey Harris. Pulitzer studied Brockmeyer, who was famous for translating Philosopher, and he "would hang on Brockmeyer's thunderous words, even kind he served them pretzels and beer." He was fired subsequently a tray slipped from his hand and a patron was soaked in beer.
Pulitzer spent his free time at description St. Louis Mercantile Library on the corner of Fifth near Locust, studying English and reading voraciously. He made a ultimate friend there in the librarian Udo Brachvogel. He often played in the library's chess room, where Carl Schurz noticed his aggressive style. Pulitzer greatly admired the German-born Schurz, an crest of the success attainable by a foreign-born citizen through his own energies and skills. In 1868, Pulitzer was admitted restrict the bar, but his broken English and odd appearance reticent clients away. He struggled with the execution of minor identification and the collecting of debts. That year, when the Westliche Post needed a reporter, he was offered the job.
Soon astern, he and several dozen men each paid a fast-talking advertizer five dollars, after being promised good-paying jobs on a Louisianasugar plantation. They boarded a steamboat, which took them downriver 30 miles south of the city, where the crew forced them off. When the boat churned away, the men concluded say publicly promised plantation jobs had been a ruse. They walked aggravate to the city, where Pulitzer wrote an account of depiction fraud and was pleased when it was accepted by interpretation Westliche Post, edited by Emil Preetorius and Carl Schurz, perceptibly his first published news story.
On March 6, 1867, Pulitzer became a naturalized American citizen.
In the Westliche Post building, Pulitzer made the acquaintance of attorneys William Apostle and Charles Phillip Johnson and surgeon Joseph Nash McDowell. Apostle and Johnson referred to Pulitzer as "Shakespeare" because of his extraordinary profile. They helped him secure a job with picture Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. His work was to record description railroad land deeds in the twelve counties in southwest Siouan where the railroad planned to build a line. When grace was done, the lawyers gave him desk space and allowed him to study law in their library to prepare beg for the bar.
Pulitzer displayed a flair for reporting. He would work 16 hours a day – from 10 am to 2 guild. He was nicknamed "Joey the German" or "Joey the Jew". He joined the Philosophical Society and frequented a German shop where many intellectuals hung out. Among his new group endorse friends were Joseph Keppler and Thomas Davidson.
Pulitzer linked Schurz's Republican Party. On December 14, 1869, Pulitzer attended say publicly Republican meeting at the St. Louis Turnhalle on Tenth Path, where party leaders needed a candidate to fill a lacuna in the state legislature. After their first choice refused, they settled on Pulitzer, nominating him unanimously, forgetting he was solitary 22, three years under the required age. However, his fool Democratic opponent was possibly ineligible because he had served hill the Confederate army. Pulitzer had energy. He organized street meetings, called personally on the voters, and exhibited such sincerity cutting edge with his oddities that he had pumped a half-amused tension into a campaign that was normally lethargic. He won 209–147.
His age was not made an issue and he was sit as a state representative in Jefferson City at the infatuation beginning January 5, 1870. During his time in Jefferson Hold out, Pulitzer voted in favor of the adoption of the 15th Amendment and led a crusade to reform the corrupt Purchase. Louis County Court.
His fight against the court angered Captain Prince Augustine, Superintendent of Registration for St. Louis County. Their feuding became so heated that on the night of January 27, Augustine confronted Pulitzer at Schmidt's Hotel and called him a "damned liar." Pulitzer left the building, returned to his warm up, and retrieved a four-barreled pistol. He returned to the parlour and approached Augustine, renewing the argument. When Augustine advanced brand Pulitzer, the young Representative aimed his pistol at the Captain's midriff. Augustine tackled Pulitzer, and the gun fired two shots, tearing through Augustine's knee and the hotel floor. Pulitzer suffered a head wound. Contemporary accounts conflict on whether Augustine was also armed.
While in Jefferson City, Pulitzer also moved up flavour notch in the administration at the Westliche Post. He at last became its managing editor, and obtained a proprietary interest.[17]
See also: 1870 Missouri gubernatorial election
See also: 1872 United States presidential election
On August 31, 1870, Schurz (now a U.S. Senator), Pulitzer, and other reformist anti-Grant Republicans bolted from the state convention at the Capitol and downhearted a competing Liberal Republican ticket for Missouri, led by say publicly former Senator Benjamin Gratz Brown. Brown was successful in description November election over the mainline Republican ticket, presenting a quip threat to President Grant's re-election chances. On January 19, 1872, Brown appointed Pulitzer to the St. Louis Board of The cops Commissioners.
In May 1872, Pulitzer was a delegate to the City convention of the Liberal Republican Party, which nominated New Dynasty Tribune editor Horace Greeley for the presidency with Gratz Brownish as his running mate. Pulitzer and Schurz were expected be acquainted with boost Governor Brown for the presidential nomination, but Schurz preferable the more idealistic Charles Francis Adams Sr. A loyal Darkbrown man alerted the Governor of this betrayal, and Governor Darkbrown and his cousin Francis Preston Blair sped to Cincinnati launch an attack rally their supporters to Greeley.
While in Cincinnati, he met one reformist newspapermen Samuel Bowles, Murat Halstead, Horace White, and Alexanders McClure. He also met Greeley's assistant and campaign manager Whitelaw Reid, who would become Pulitzer's journalistic adversary. However, Greeley's getupandgo was ultimately a disaster, and the new party collapsed, departure Schurz and Pulitzer politically homeless.
In 1874, Pulitzer promoted a meliorate movement christened the People's Party, which united the Grange carry dissident Republicans. However, Pulitzer was disappointed with the party's indifferent stances on the issues and mediocre ticket, led by valet farmer William Gentry. He returned to St. Louis and endorsed the Democratic ticket. Pulitzer's own views were in line get a feel for Democratic orthodoxy on low tariffs, and limited federal powers; his prior opposition to the Democrats was out of disgust misunderstand slavery and the Confederate rebellion. Pulitzer campaigned for the Representative ticket throughout the state and published a damaging rumor (leaked by future Senator George Vest) that Gentry had sold a slave.
He also served as a delegate to the 1874 River Constitutional Convention representing St. Louis, arguing successfully for true rub rule for the city.
In 1876, Pulitzer, by now completely forgiving with the corruption of the Republicans and their nomination a number of Rutherford B. Hayes, gave nearly 70 speeches in favor slope Democratic candidate Samuel J. Tilden throughout the country; Schurz, who saw Hayes as a reformer with integrity, returned to say publicly Republican fold. In his speeches, Pulitzer denounced Schurz and urged reconciliation between North and South. While on his speaking thread, Pulitzer also wrote dispatches to the New York Sun hold behalf of the Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign. After Tilden's narrow defeat under dubious circumstances, Pulitzer became disillusioned with his candidate's indecision and timid response; he would oppose Tilden's 1880 run for the Democratic nomination. Pulitzer returned to St. Gladiator to practice law and search for future opportunities in news.
On his thirtieth birthday, Pulitzer's home at the hostile Southern Hotel burned to the ground, likely destroying most make famous his personal belongings and papers.
On December 9, 1878, Pulitzer bought the moribund St. Louis Dispatch and merged it with Trick Dillon's St. Louis Post, forming the St. Louis Post extort Dispatch (soon renamed the Post-Dispatch) on December 12. With his own paper, Pulitzer developed his role as a champion fanatic the common man, featuring exposés and a hard-hitting populist shape. The paper was considered a leader in the field expend sensational journalism.[17][25]
The circulation of the Post-Dispatch steadily rose during Pulitzer's early tenure (aided by the collapse of the city's strike daily English-language paper, the Star). At the time of union, the Post and Dispatch had a combined circulation of go down 4,000.[25] By the end of 1879, circulation was up unobtrusively 4,984 and Pulitzer doubled the size of the paper correspond with eight pages. By the end of 1880, circulation was cultivate to 8,740. Circulation rose dramatically to 12,000 by March 1881 and to 22,300 by September 1882. Pulitzer bought two another presses and increased staff pay to the highest in depiction city, though he also crushed an attempt to unionize.
Pulitzer's primary political rival at this time was Bourbon DemocratWilliam Hyde, publisher of the (misleadingly named) Missouri Republican. Pulitzer's much fade out paper won a series of early political skirmishes over Hyde. First, George Vest was elected to the Senate in 1879 with Pulitzer's backing over Bourbon Samuel Glover. Next, Pulitzer secured election for an anti-Tilden delegation (including himself) to the 1880 Democratic National Convention, over Hyde's objection. Though Pulitzer could clump convince Horatio Seymour, his preferred candidate, to run, the Democrats did not renominate Tilden. In March 1882, the two men even came to physical blows on Olive Street but were separated by a crowd before either was injured.
In 1880, Publisher made a second run for public office, this time construe United States Representative from Missouri's second district. However, he was resoundingly defeated for the Democratic nomination (tantamount to victory satisfy heavily Democratic St. Louis) by Bourbon Thomas Allen, 4,254 currency 709.
Further information: Alonzo W. Slayback § Death
When Poet Allen died during his first term, Pulitzer's Post-Dispatch strongly contrasting the Republican's endorsed candidate, James Broadhead, an attorney working broach the railroad magnate Jay Gould. The election became heated, be proof against Post-Dispatch managing editor John Cockerill called Broadhead's law partner Alonzo Slayback a "coward." Slayback entered the Post-Dispatch offices on Oct 13, armed with a gun, and threatened Cockerill; Cockerill bash him dead. The story became a national sensation and upset many conservative Democrats vehemently against Pulitzer and the Post-Dispatch. Abaft a grand jury inquest, Cockerill was never put on trial.[32][33] Pulitzer replaced him with John Dillon, former owner of picture Post and unlike Pulitzer and Cockerill, a well-respected, conservative abundance of the city. However, the incident permanently damaged Pulitzer's civilized in the city, and he began to seek opportunities not in.
In April 1883, the Pulitzer family traveled sentry New York, ostensibly to start a European vacation, but in truth so that Joseph could make an offer to Jay Financier for ownership of the morning New York World. Gould esoteric acquired the newspaper as a throw-in in one of his railroad deals, and it had been losing about $40,000 a year, possibly because of the stigma the unpopular Gould's manage brought. In return for the paper, Gould asked Pulitzer funding a sum well over a half-million dollars, as well pass for the retention of the World's staff and building. After insufferable frustration at this demand and disagreement with his brother Albert, Pulitzer was prepared to give up. At the urging decompose his wife Kate, however, he returned to negotiations with Financier. They agreed to a sale for $346,000 with Pulitzer keep full freedom in the selection of staff.
The Pulitzers moved get on the right side of New York full time, leasing a home in Gramercy Compilation. The World immediately gained 6,000 readers in its first deuce weeks under Pulitzer and had more than doubled its motion to 39,000 within three months.
As he had rip apart St. Louis, Pulitzer emphasized sensational stories: human-interest, crime, disasters, celebrated scandal. Under Pulitzer's leadership, circulation grew from 15,000 to 600,000, making the World the largest newspaper in the country.[17] Publisher emphasized broad appeal through short, provocative headlines and sentences; picture World's self-described style was "brief, breezy and briggity." His World featured illustrations, advertising, and a culture of consumption for vital men.[38] Crusades for reform and entertainment news were two go on staples for the World. Pulitzer explained that:[39]
The American people compel something terse, forcible, picturesque, striking, something that will arrest their attention, enlist their sympathy, arouse their indignation, stimulate their flight of fancy, convince their reason, [and] awaken their conscience.
In 1887, he recruited the famous investigative journalistNellie Bly.
Pulitzer also constructed the Spanking York World Building, designed by George B. Post and concluded in 1890. Pulitzer dictated several aspects of the design, including the building's triple-height main entrance arch, dome, and rounded change direction at Park Row and Frankfort Street.[40][41]
In 1895, the World introduced the immensely popular The Yellow Kid comic by Richard F. Outcault, one of the first strips to be featured follow the newly launched Sunday color supplement shortly after.
After rendering World exposed an illegal payment of $40,000,000 by the Common States to the French Panama Canal Company in 1909, Publisher was indicted for libeling Theodore Roosevelt and J. P. Anthropologist. The courts dismissed the indictments.[42]
Newspaper writer and editor of The San Francisco Call, John McNaught went to New York disturb work under Pulitzer as his personal secretary from 1907 elect 1912. When McNaught left The Evening World, he became copy editor of the New York World, through 1915.[43][44]
When Publisher purchased the World, New York City, though overwhelmingly Democratic, frank not have a major Democratic newspaper. The Tribune (under Whitelaw Reid) and Times were ardently Republican and the Sun (under Charles Dana) and Herald were independent. In the first barrage under his ownership, Pulitzer announced the paper would be "dedicated to the cause of the people rather than that show signs purse-potentates."
In 1884, he joined the Manhattan Club, a group infer wealthy Democrats including Tilden, Abram Hewitt, and William C. Artificer. Through the World, he supported the campaign of New Dynasty Governor Grover Cleveland for president. Pulitzer's campaign for Cleveland at an earlier time against Republican James G. Blaine may have been pivotal tier securing the presidency for Cleveland, who won New York's conclusive votes by just 0.1%. The campaign also boosted the World's circulation dramatically; by Election Day, it averaged about 110,000 copies per day and its Election Day special ran 223,680 copies.
Pulitzer also attacked young Republican Assemblyman Theodore Roosevelt as a "reform fraud," beginning a long and heated rivalry with the President.
In 1884, Pulitzer was elected greet the U.S. House of Representatives from New York's ninth region as a Democrat and entered office on March 4, 1885.
Though inundated with office seekers hoping for appointment by President-elect Cleveland, Pulitzer recommended only the appointments of Charles Gibson rent Minister to Berlin and Pallen as consul general in Writer. But Pulitzer did not secure a meeting with the President-elect, and neither man was appointed.
During his term in office, Publisher led a crusade to place the newly gifted Statue familiar Liberty in New York City. He was a member be alarmed about the Committee on Commerce.
During his time in Washington, Pulitzer flybynight at the luxurious hotel run by John Chamberlin at depiction corner of 15th and I streets, N.W. However, Pulitzer in the near future determined that his position at the World was both statesman powerful and more enjoyable than Congress. He began to fizzle out less and less time in Washington, and ultimately resigned stimulation April 10, 1886, after little over a year in office.
In 1895, William Randolph Hearst purchased description rival New York Journal, which at one time had antediluvian owned by Pulitzer's brother, Albert. Hearst had once been a great admirer of Pulitzer's World. The two embarked on a circulation war. This competition with Hearst, particularly the coverage previously and during the Spanish–American War, linked Pulitzer's name with chickenhearted journalism.[55]
Pulitzer and Hearst were also the cause of the newsboys' strike of 1899, a youth-led campaign to force change condensation the way that Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst's newspapers compensated their child newspaper hawkers.
Charles A. Dana, representation editor of the rival New York Sun and personal opponent of Grover Cleveland, became estranged from Pulitzer during the 1884 campaign. Dana's Sun endorsed Greenback nominee Benjamin Butler, a bigger blow in swing state New York. He attacked Pulitzer complicated print, often calling him "Judas Pulitzer." After Cleveland's victory, say publicly Sun's circulation had been halved and the World replaced opening as the largest Democratic paper in the country.
Leander Richardson, a former employee who left the World to run The Journalist, was even more directly antisemitic, referring to his former pol only as "Jewseph Pulitzer."
Whitelaw Reid frequently sparred with Pulitzer, both in person and in their respective papers.
Pulitzer's health problems (blindness, depression, and acute noise sensitivity)[60] caused a rapid deterioration, and he had to withdraw from picture daily management of the newspaper. He continued to manage depiction paper from his New York mansion, his winter retreat argue the Jekyll Island Club on Jekyll Island, Georgia, and his summer vacation retreat in Bar Harbor, Maine.
After he leased Frank I. Cobb (1869–1923) in 1904 as the editor finance the New York World, the younger man resisted Pulitzer's attempts to "run the office" from his home. Time after firmly, they battled each other, often with heated language.
When Pulitzer's son Ralph took over administrative responsibility in 1907, Pulitzer wrote a carefully worded resignation. It was printed in every Different York paper except the World. Pulitzer was insulted but make slow progress began to respect Cobb's editorials and independent spirit. Their exchanges, commentaries, and messages increased. The good rapport between the deuce was based largely on Cobb's flexibility. In May 1908, Cobb and Pulitzer met to outline plans for a consistent line policy but it wavered on occasion.
Pulitzer's demands for editorials on contemporary breaking news led to overwork by Cobb. Publisher sent him on a six-week tour of Europe to choice his spirit. Cobb continued the editorial policies he had communal with Pulitzer until Cobb died of cancer in 1923.[61]
In a company meeting, Professor Thomas Davidson said, "I cannot understand reason it is, Mr. Pulitzer, that you always speak so goodhearted of reporters and so severely of all editors." "Well", Publisher replied, "I suppose it is because every reporter is a hope, and every editor is a disappointment."[62] This phrase became an epigram of journalism.[62]
In 1878 at the in need of attention of 31, Pulitzer married Katherine "Kate" Davis (1853–1927), a ladylove of high social standing from Georgetown, District of Columbia. She was five years younger than Pulitzer, from an Episcopal descent, and rumored to be a distant relative of Jefferson Statesman. They married in an Episcopal ceremony at the Church detailed the Epiphany in Washington, D.C.[63] He did not reveal his Jewish heritage to Katherine or her family until after their marriage, to her shock.
Of seven children, five lived to adulthood: Ralph, Joseph Jr. (father of Joseph Pulitzer III), Constance Helen (1888–1938), who married William Gray Elmslie, D.D.[65] Edith (1886–1975), who married William Scoville Moore,[66] and Herbert, eventually his brother Ralph's partner at the Post. Their daughter, Katherine Ethel Pulitzer, petit mal of pneumonia in May 1884 at age 2. On Dec 31, 1897, their oldest daughter, Lucille Irma Pulitzer, died fob watch the age of 17 from typhoid fever.[67] An Irish outlander named Mary Boyle largely raised the children while their parents were busy.
Pulitzer's grandson Herbert Pulitzer Jr. was married be acquainted with the American fashion designer and socialite Lilly Pulitzer.[68]
Following a glow at his former residence, Pulitzer commissioned Stanford White to coin a limestone-clad Venetian palazzo at 11 East 73rd Street concentrated the Upper East Side; it was completed in 1903.[69] Pulitzer's thoughtful seated portrait by John Singer Sargent is at picture Columbia School of Journalism that he endowed.
The family continuing to be involved in the operation of the Post-Dispatch endure other newspapers under the Pulitzer Publishing Company until selling them to Lee Enterprises in 2005.[70] The Pulitzer group also comprised television stations, which would ironically be sold to Hearst Study, owned by the descendants of William Randolph Hearst.[71]
For six months during 1908, Pulitzer was attended to by his personal doc C. Louis Leipoldt aboard his yacht Liberty.[72] While traveling do as you are told his winter home at the Jekyll Island Club on Jekyll Island, Georgia, in 1911, Pulitzer had his yacht stop slip in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. On October 29, 1911, Pulitzer listened to his German secretary read aloud about King Louis XI of France. As the secretary neared the end, Pulitzer whispered in German: "Leise, ganz leise" (English: "Softly, quite softly"), see died.[73] His body was returned to New York for services and interred in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx.
In 1892, Pulitzer offered Columbia University's president, Seth Low, money fall upon set up the world's first school of journalism. The academy initially turned down the money. In 1902, Columbia's new chair Nicholas Murray Butler was more receptive to the plan give a hand a school and journalism prizes, but it would not accredit until after Pulitzer's death that this dream would be utter.
Pulitzer left the university $2,000,000 in his will.[74] In 1912, the school founded the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. This followed the Missouri School of Journalism, founded at picture University of Missouri with Pulitzer's urging. Both schools remain in the midst the most prestigious in the world.
In 1917, Town organized the awards of the first Pulitzer Prizes in journalism. The awards have been expanded to recognize achievements in information, poetry, history, music, and drama.